Alan Mathison Turing

Alan Mathison Turing born in Paddington London, June 23, 1912. Turing's initial pass his life in an orphanage in India. On returning to England in 1926, Turing school in Sherborne. Curiosity in math and science very berbading upside down with his interest in the field of language and social.

In 1931 Turing school at King's College, Cambridge University. In his research Turing more "re-inventing " than "use" of existing findings. After graduating Turing get membership at King's College (1935). At this time was the concept of Turing have "Turing machine".

Through a lecture, in 1935, Turing introduced in questions related to Mathematical Logic, which the proposed by Hilbert. This is a question of "Decidability", "the Entscheidungs ​​problem. " "Could there, though only in theory, a method or process that is able to complete all forms and types of math questions?"

In response to this question Turing provide a mechanical solution in the form of the concept of "Universal Turing Machine. " In this concept turing mamou describes a machine that reads a series of several "zero and one" (binary digits) that will explain how math problem solving, and provide the necessary answers. The core of these machines who were later known as the idea of ​​a computer. This machine is still a concept, until embodied in a tangible form several years later.

August 1936, Turing issued a concept paper was entitled "On Computable Numbers, With an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem". That same year he got the "Smith's Prize" (an award from Cambridge University) for his work in probability theory and then went on to Princeton University.

During World War II (1939-1945), Turing worked at the Department of Communication of the United Kingdom. There he was assigned to decode the password that was created by the Machines Enigma of the Germans. It is hard work because the machine is capable of producing code that changes constantly, and to solve them is an impossible thing in those days. But it was not impossible for Turing, who later created the "Colossus", a machine that can solve the enigma code in a short time. This machine is also a prelude to the Digital Computer.

Turing also has a keen interest in the development of "Artificial Intelligence". For that he spent one year at Cambridge to study neurology and physiology. In 1947 he wrote a paper (never published during his life) about the concept now known as "neural networks", where a series of complex ssistem able to own ability to learn. Then in 1950 issued a paper that has a big influence titled "Computing Machinery and Intelligence". In his paper Turing proposed this "Turing Test" as a method for determining whether a machine memiliku "Artificial Intelligence". Until the 1990's test is still regarded as the best way to determine the intelligence of a machine.

Turing also strive to realize the concept of "Turing machine" became a reality in the form of "Automatic Computing Engine" in "National Physical Laboratory", although this work was never completed. Then he moved to the University of Manchester, create guidelines for the operation of the Manchester Automatic Digital Machine (MADAM).

Turing has a lot of ability. In addition to the fields of computer, Turing was also issued a paper in the field of biology, entitled "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis. " To my surprise, Turing had won the Championship and middle distance running in the U.S. state level, and barely even represented the United States in the Olympics. This is done to relieve stress.

Behind every success, in fact Turing was a Homosexual. This has started since he was young, and then in 1953 he was arrested for sexual relationship with a young man. Compared to enter the prison, Turing would prefer an alternative sentence to neutralize the hormones estrogen injection.

After a "variation" is known by the public, Turing lost one at work. Not able to withstand the shame and stress, on June 7, 1954, Turing chose to end his life by committing suicide (eating an apple that had been smeared with cyanide) in his home, Wislow, London.

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